Diabetes is caused by a disturbance in the action of insulin, a hormone which helps the body efficiently digest carbohydrates, fat and protein. There are two types of diabetes. The early-onset Type 1, once known as "juvenile diabetes," makes up under 10% of cases. The remainder of cases are Type 2, also called "maturity onset diabetes," which is most common in older adults.

When it comes to diabetes, what we don't know can hurt us! Information is the first step to recognize and understand this disorder. Here are five common myths that can stand in the way of prompt diagnosis and optimum treatment:

Myth #1: Diabetes is uncommon.

Fact: According to Health Canada, by the end of next year, 3 million Canadians are expected to have been diagnosed with diabetes—and the percentage of people who will develop it as they grow older is rising. The problem is global: the International Diabetes Foundation tells us that more than 285 million people in the world today are living with this disease.

Myth #2: Diabetes isn't a serious illness.

Fact:  Many people with diabetes successfully manage the condition and lead normal lives. But diabetes is a serious illness that is the seventh leading cause of death among Canadians—and it also increases an individual's risk of death from heart disease, kidney failure and stroke. The complications of diabetes can lead to disability from vision loss, nerve damage and foot problems. Diabetes has also recently been linked with Alzheimer's disease.

Myth #3: Diabetes is caused by eating too much sugar.

Fact: Type 1 diabetes is largely caused by genetic factors. Type 2 also tends to run in families, but the chance of developing it is greater when a person is overweight and inactive. The old term "sugar diabetes" is something of a misnomer, because any diet high in calories—whether from sugar, carbohydrates or fat—increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. People with either form of the disease should follow the diet recommended by their healthcare provider.

Myth #4: Insulin is the only treatment for diabetes.

Fact: It is true that Type 1 diabetes must always be treated with insulin. But some cases of Type 2 diabetes can be controlled for years by means of weight maintenance, diet, exercise and stress reduction. The person's healthcare provider will recommend a diet that emphasizes protein and high-fibre carbohydrates, while limiting fat and simple sugars such as table sugar and honey.

Myth #5: Feeling thirsty is the only symptom of diabetes.

Fact: A physician may first suspect diabetes if certain symptoms are present. Along with increased thirst, a person might experience fatigue, frequent urination, increased appetite, blurred vision and infections that are slow to heal. Medical tests will confirm the diagnosis. It is important that diabetes be detected early so that it can be treated to avoid or lessen complications. The Canadian Diabetes Association recommends that everyone over 40 be tested every three years. Most people who develop Type 2 diabetes will first have what is called "pre-diabetes," when blood sugar levels are higher than normal. This should be seen as a wake-up call—a sign that lifestyle changes are in order right away. 

For More Information

The Canadian Diabetes Association offers information for consumers and caregivers about preventing, diagnosing and living with diabetes.

The Health Canada website includes tools for managing diabetes, and information about programs and services for people with diabetes, as well as for family caregivers.

To learn how in-home care supports seniors who are living with diabetes, see "Avoiding the Complications of Diabetes: Home Care Can Help" in the October 2009 issue of Choices.

"Managing Diabetes" Wordfind For people with diabetes, or those who are at risk for the disease, weight loss, exercise and nutrition are important self-care steps to take. Give your brain a workout with this month's puzzle, which contains 20 words all having to do with medical and lifestyle choices that help prevent and manage diabetes.